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1.
J Clin Rheumatol ; 27(6S): S204-S211, 2021 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32028309

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is an infrequent but severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of study was to describe clinical features and prognostic factors of patients with SLE-related ATM. METHODS: In this medical records review study, data were collected from 60 patients from 16 centers seen between 1996 and 2017 who met diagnostic criteria for SLE and myelitis as defined by the American College of Rheumatology/Systemic International Collaborating Clinics and the Working Group of the Transverse Myelitis Consortium, respectively. Objective neurological impairment was measured with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) and European Database for Multiple Sclerosis Grade Scale (EGS). RESULTS: Among patients included, 95% (n = 57) were female, and the average age was 31.6 ± 9.6 years. Myelitis developed after diagnosis of SLE in 60% (n = 36). Symmetrical paraparesis with hypoesthesia, flaccidity, sphincter dysfunction, AIS = A/B, and EGS ≥ 8 was the most common presentation. Intravenous methylprednisolone was used in 95% (n = 57), and 78.3% (n = 47) received intravenous cyclophosphamide. Sensory/motor recovery at 6 months was observed in 75% (42 of 56), but only in 16.1% (9 of 56) was complete. Hypoglycorrhachia and EGS ≥ 7 in the nadir were associated with an unfavorable neurological outcome at 6 months (p < 0.05). A relapse rate during follow-up was observed in 30.4% (17 of 56). Hypoglycorrhachia and hypocomplementemia seem to be protective factors for relapse. Intravenous cyclophosphamide was associated with time delay to relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic lupus erythematosus-related ATM may occur at any time of SLE course, leading to significant disability despite treatment. Relapses are infrequent and intravenous cyclophosphamide seems to delay it. Hypoglycorrhachia, hypocomplementemia, and EGS at nadir are the most important prognostic factors.


Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Mielite Transversa , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Mielite Transversa/diagnóstico , Mielite Transversa/tratamento farmacológico , Mielite Transversa/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Prognóstico , Adulto Jovem
2.
VozAndes ; 31(2): 49-55, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146653

RESUMO

Una de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más prevalentes del adulto mayor es la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). En este grupo poblacional la DM2 se asocia a pérdida de funcionalidad, reducción de masa muscular, aumento de comorbilidades y muerte prematura, afectando significativamente la calidad de vida. Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia de DM2 y sus complicaciones crónicas en el adulto mayor. Pacientes y métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se estudiaron a 27469 pacientes adultos mayores con DM2 que acudieron a la consulta externa del Hospital General Enrique Garcés. Se investigó edad, género, etnia, zona de vivienda, nivel de instrucción, comorbilidades, tiempo de la enfermedad, medidas antropométricas, exámenes de laboratorio, complicaciones crónicas y tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) v24. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y estadística inferencial. Resultados El 71.13% (19538) fueron mujeres, 66.5% (18267) tenía educación primaria, 68% (18679) era diabéticos más de 10 años; 85% (23349) tenían hipertensión arterial (HTA). Las complicaciones encontradas fueron neuropatía, micro albuminuria patológica, retinopatía y pie diabético, 11.86% (3258) pacientes tuvieron una hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1C) dentro de parámetros normales. Conclusiones La prevalencia de DM2 entre adultos mayores de 75 años fue del 14%, y la presencia de complicaciones crónicas estuvo relacionada al mayor tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad junto a valores de HbA1C más altos.


One of the most prevalent chronic noncommunicable diseases of the older adult is type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). In this population group DM2 is associated with loss of functionality, reduced muscle mass, increased comorbidities and premature death, significantly affecting quality of life. Objective To establish the prevalence of DM2 and its chronic complications in the elderly. Patients and methods Descriptive, cross-sectional study. 27469 older adult patients with 2DM who attended the outpatient clinic of the Enrique Garcés General Hospital were studied. Age, gender, ethnicity, area of residence, level of education, comorbidities, time of illness, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, chronic complications, and treatment were investigated. The data was analyzed in the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) v24. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results The 71.13% (19538) were women, 66.5% (18267) had a primary education, 68% (18679) were diabetics over 10 years; 85% (23349) had high blood pressure (HT). The complications found were neuropathy, pathological micro albuminuria, retinopathy and diabetic foot, 11.86% (3258) patients had a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) within normal parameters. Conclusions The prevalence of DM2 among adults over 75 years of age was 14%, and the presence of chronic complications was related to the longer evolution time of the disease along with higher HbA1C values.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Epidemiologia
3.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 28(2): 59-70, may.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058456

RESUMO

Resumen En el Ecuador ha habido un importante incremento en el número de publicaciones sobre Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) en los últimos años. Este interés por conocer el comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de la enfermedad nos ha permitido establecer semejanzas y diferencias con otras cohortes de pacientes con EM que provienen de regiones en donde la prevalencia de la enfermedad es alta. El Ecuador sigue siendo un país de baja prevalencia, los estudios han demostrado que la misma fluctúa entre 3 a 5 casos por 100.000 habitantes. El comportamiento epidemiológico es muy similar a la de cohortes europeas por ejemplo el sexo femenino es el principalmente afectado. Sin embargo, el comportamiento clínico difiere en lo que respecta a deterioro cognitivo, fatiga siendo éstos menos frecuentes. Aún se desconoce el impacto de la vitamina D en nuestros pacientes debido a que, solo un estudio ha sido llevado a cabo. Al parecer, existe una alta prevalencia de deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D en los pacientes ecuatorianos pero no se traduce en un incremento de prevalencia o discapacidad como ocurre en poblaciones europeas. A pesar de que tenemos una mejor comprensión de la enfermedad en el país, más estudios son necesarios y es imperativo incluir a todos los pacientes ecuatorianos con esclerosis múltiple con el fin de mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de esta patología en nuestra región.


Abstract In recent years, the number of publications on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) from Ecuador has seen a significant increase. As a result, the research on the clinical and epidemiological behaviour of the disease has allowed us to make comparisons with other cohorts of patients with MS that come from regions where the prevalence of the disease is high. Nevertheless, Ecuador is still a country in which the prevalence of MS is low with a prevalence that fluctuates between 3 to 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The epidemiological behaviour of MS is very similar to that of european cohorts, for example female patients are the most affected. However, the clinical behaviour of multiple sclerosis differs in terms of cognitive impairment and fatigue being less frequent. The impact of vitamin D on patients with MS is still unknown as only one study has been carried out. This study show that there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in ecuadorian patients, but this does not translate into an increase in prevalence or disability as it does in european populations. Although we have a better understanding of the disease in the country, more studies are necessary, and it is imperative that all ecuadorian patients with MS be included in future studies in order to improve our knowledge about the behaviour of this disease in our region.

4.
VozAndes ; 30(2): 43-47, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050606

RESUMO

La Neoplasia de Células Dendríticas Plasmocitoides blásticas (Blastic Plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm ­ BPDCN) es una neoplasia hematológica rara, agresiva, de difícil diagnóstico y con alta mortalidad. Se describe el primer caso en el Ecuador de un paciente joven sin antecedentes patológicos relevantes, ingresado al servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Enrique Garcés por presentar máculas cutáneas, artralgias y mialgias, que se complica con derrame pleural tipo exudativo y mala mecánica respiratoria. Exámenes de extensión revelaron: Leucemia mieloide aguda de tipo M2, motivo por el cual fue referido a centro oncológico de referencia para completar estudio y manejo. Estudios citogenéticos y fenotípicos corroboraron el diagnóstico de BPDCN, se instauró tratamiento con protocolo Hyper-CVAD, sin embargo, el paciente presentó compromiso respiratorio, renal y hematológico que progresó a choque refractario y óbito. La naturaleza agresiva de esta rara leucemia es una limitante en el tiempo para instaurar un tratamiento dirigido, determinando en la mayoría de los casos una alta mortalidad


La Neoplasia de Células Dendríticas Plasmocitoides blásticas (Blastic Plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm ­ BPDCN) es una neoplasia hematológica rara, agresiva, de difícil diagnóstico y con alta mortalidad. Se describe el primer caso en el Ecuador de un paciente joven sin antecedentes patológicos relevantes, ingresado al servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Enrique Garcés por presentar máculas cutáneas, artralgias y mialgias, que se complica con derrame pleural tipo exudativo y mala mecánica respiratoria. Exámenes de extensión revelaron: Leucemia mieloide aguda de tipo M2, motivo por el cual fue referido a centro oncológico de referencia para completar estudio y manejo. Estudios citogenéticos y fenotípicos corroboraron el diagnóstico de BPDCN, se instauró tratamiento con protocolo Hyper-CVAD, sin embargo, el paciente presentó compromiso respiratorio, renal y hematológico que progresó a choque refractario y óbito. La naturaleza agresiva de esta rara leucemia es una limitante en el tiempo para instaurar un tratamiento dirigido, determinando en la mayoría de los casos una alta mortalidad


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Medula Óssea/imunologia , Leucemia , Células Dendríticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Neoplasias
5.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 27(1): 62-71, sep.-dic. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004011

RESUMO

Resumen La Esclerosis Múltiple es una enfermedad inflamatoria y degenerativa del Sistema Nervioso Central que afecta a la población adulta joven. La prevalencia de esta entidad es heterogénea en el mundo y baja en el Ecuador. El diagnóstico se basa en los criterios de McDonald 2017. Una vez que el diagnóstico se ha establecido, es necesario determinar si los pacientes tienen factores de mal pronóstico los cuales van a generar un impacto en el tipo de tratamiento a elegir. Al momento, se han estudiado factores pronósticos epidemiológicos, clínicos, biomoleculares y de imagen los cuales nos permiten predecir si la enfermedad tiene un comportamiento agresivo o por el contrario un curso benigno. El número de lesiones en las imágenes de resonancia magnética cerebral, la presencia de lesiones en tronco encefálico y médula espinal son los factores que han demostrado tener un impacto en la progresión de discapacidad. La presencia de bandas oligoclonales en el líquido cefalorraquídeo tiene un rol fundamental en la conversión de un síndrome clínico aislado en esclerosis múltiple clínicamente establecida. Los niveles bajos de vitamina D ha demostrado estar asociado con mal pronóstico pero su aplicabilidad en países como el Ecuador es aún tema de investigación.


Abstract Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system which affects young adults. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world is heterogeneous and is low in Ecuador. The diagnosis is based on the McDonald 2017 criteria. Once the diagnosis has been made, it is necessary that any negative factors which will impact the type of treatment used be identified. At this time, factors such as epidemiological, clinical, biomolecular, and magnetic resonance images, which will allow us to identify if the case is aggressive or benign, are studied. The number of lesions shown in a brain MRI, the presence of lesions in the brain stem and spinal cord are factors which have been demonstrated to have an impact on the progression of disability. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid has a fundamental role in the conversion of an isolated clinical syndrome to multiple sclerosis. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with a negative prognosis, however how important vitamin D is in the prognosis of MS in countries such as Ecuador is still an area to be studied.

6.
Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin ; 4(2): 2055217318768330, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29662683

RESUMO

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) are autoimmune diseases, the coexistence of which is uncommon in patients. Owing to the rarity of this condition, the distinction between MS and SLE is a diagnostic challenge for neurologists. We present a case report in which MS and SLE were present in the same patient. There are few case reports in the world on the association between MS and SLE. The following case report is the first of its kind in which both MS and SLE are present in a patient from a country with low prevalence of MS such as Ecuador.

7.
Clin Case Rep ; 5(4): 543-544, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28396789

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease of the central nervous system that constitutes a public health problem in endemic regions. Here, we present a patient with epilepsy and cognitive impairment due to neurocysticercosis. A public health intervention could eradicate this disease in endemic regions such as Ecuador.

8.
Clin Case Rep ; 3(11): 962-3, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26576283

RESUMO

Adolescent suicide is a public health problem worldwide. Parents and family play a crucial role in seeking professional help early enough to avoid catastrophic outcomes such as the death of a teenager.

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